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HP LTO Ultrium tape drives
technical reference manual
LTO 4 FC, SCSI and SAS drives
volume 2: software integration
Edition 1, June 2007
HP restricted
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Legal and notice information © Copyright 1999–2007 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. This document contains proprie
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Contents Related documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Documents specific to HP Ultrium drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Documentation map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Drives—general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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WORM media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 How WORM media works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Changes to SCSI commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Re-writing media labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Allow over
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Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Resetting drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Further details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Backup software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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6 HP restricted
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Related documents This is one of six volumes that document HP Ultrium drives. This volume provides background information for driver and application developers. The following products are covered: • HP LTO Ultrium 4 full-height SCSI tape drives • HP LTO Ultrium 4 full-height SAS tape drives • HP LTO Ultrium 4 full-height Fibre Channel tape drives NOTE: Throughout this manual frequent reference is made to SCSI commands. For more information on SCSI commands for HP Ultrium drives see volume 3, T
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Installation and configuration FC Drives SCSI Drives SAS Drives Connectors 1 HW Integration: ch. 4 1 HW Integration: ch. 7 Determining the configuration 2 SW Integration: ch. 2 External drives n/a 1 HW Integration: ch. 5 In libraries 1 HW Integration: ch. 1 In servers n/a 1 HW Integration: ch. 4 In tape arrays n/a 1 HW Integration: ch. 3 n/a Linux configuration 5 UNIX, Linux, OpenVMS Configuration Modes of usage n/a 1 HW Integration: ch. 8 n/a OpenVMS configuration 5 UNIX, Linux, OpenVMS Configu
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FC Drives SCSI Drives SAS Drives 3 Host Interface: ch. 1 Implementation 2 SW Integration: ch. 3 Interpreting sense data 3 Host Interface: ch. 2 Messages 3 Host Interface: ch. 5 Mode pages —see the MODE SENSE command 3 Host Interface: ch. 4 Pre-execution checks 2 SW Integration: ch. 6 Responding to sense keys and ASC/Q 3 Host Interface: ch. 5 Sense keys and ASC/Q —see REQUEST SENSE command n/a 3 Host Interface: ch. 3 Task management functions Maintenance and troubleshooting FC Drives SCSI Drives
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LTO Ultrium features FC Drives SCSI Drives SAS Drives 1 HW Integration: ch. 2 Autoload 1 HW Integration: ch. 2 Automation Control Interface (ACI) 1 HW Integration: ch. 2 Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM) 2 SW Integration: ch. 5 2 SW Integration: ch. 5 Data compression, managing 2 SW Integration: ch. 7 OBDR and CD-ROM emulation n/a 1 HW Integration: ch. 8 Performance optimization 2 SW Integration: ch. 1 2 SW Integration: ch. 4 Performance, factors affecting 2 SW Integration: ch. 1 Software design 2 SW In
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1 Designing backup applications In today’s computer market, software applications that use tape drives to copy the information from a computer’s hard disk for safe keeping are readily available for many different operating systems. Unfortunately, not all these applications take advantage of the advances made in tape technology over the past few years. This section examines some of the characteristics that a good backup utility should include. Optimizing performance There are some fundamental
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NOTE: Using immediate mode with other commands does not improve performance and can cause problems when writing a driver. The SCSI specification requires that if a command is issued with the IMMEDIATE bit set to 0, the drive must flush its data buffer before it carries out the operation. This takes time. Managing the use of tapes The Ultrium format enables applications to monitor the performance of tapes closely, to indicate when tape heads need cleaning, and when a tape should be discarded.
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See “Tape Capacity Log Page” under the LOG SENSE command in Chapter 3 of The SCSI Interface, Volume 3 of the HP LTO Ultrium Technical Reference Manual for more information. While the reliability of tape products and applications is getting better all the time, problems do still occur. There are some very simple techniques that could be incorporated by application developers to simplify the process that a user must go through to resolve problems. For additional information, see “Exception hand
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• Use log files to store Inquiry and Sense Key/Error Code information about error conditions. • Allow users to access drive firmware revision and HBA characteristic information • Include the capability to download firmware. • Incorporate simple diagnostic capabilities, such as Write/Read tests and SCSI device discovery. • Incorporate online help. 14 Designing backup applications HP restricted
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2 Configuration and initialization This section covers the following topics: • Operating System drivers • Inquiry string recovery, finding information about the drive through the INQUIRY command • Additional LUN support, for operation with an autochanger device • Fibre Channel support Operating system drivers Windows HP have a proprietary driver for Windows 2000 and Windows 2003. It is intended that the driver is freely licensed to any software partner that requires it. For the latest driver su
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Product ID, first 8 bytes “Ultrium ” This will be the same for all HP Ultrium products, regardless of generation or model. Product ID, last 8 bytes 1st byte: Generation identifier: “4” LTO 4 (1600 GB at 2:1 compression) 2nd byte “–” Hyphen separator (ASCII 2Dh) 3rd–6th bytes “SCSI” SCSI protocol, regardless of transport or interface type Product Revision Level 1st byte Product codename ID: “A” LTO 4 SAS full-height drive “B” LTO 4 SCSI full-height drive “H” LTO 4 FC full-height drive 2nd byte Re
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Since LTO 4 drives cannot write to Ultrium-2 media, the WRTOK bit will be clear for this media type. Support for additional LUN Enabling additional LUN support When enabled by an internally-connected autochanger device, an extra Logical Unit Number (LUN) will be available at the target’s SCSI ID. This allows the attached autochanger device to be addressed via the tape drive. See ”Automation interface” on page 35. For ADI Bridging usage, the automation LUN will usually be LUN1. No other LUNs
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18 Configuration and initialization HP restricted
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3Use of tapes HP Ultrium user documentation and “Cartridges”, Chapter 9 of the Hardware Integration Guide, Volume 1 of the HP LTO Ultrium Technical Reference Manual, also contain information on cartridges. Timing considerations are discussed in “Time-out values” on page 28. LTO cartridge memory NOTE: “Cartridge Memory” is the Ultrium version of the more general term “Media Auxiliary Memory” or MAM, covering all media types. Cartridge Memory has been added to the LTO cartridge for the followin
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Tape status and capacity Following autoload or a LOAD command, the software can determine the state of the tape and its capacity from the Cartridge Memory and the Tape Capacity Log pages retrieved through the LOG SENSE command. The information can also be invoked as a console operation at any time to find the status and condition of the media. Tape capacity figures can be used for two purposes: • To give an application or user an indication of whether the tape has enough capacity for a propo
