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STICK ELECTRODE
WELDING GUIDE
Procedures and Techniques
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Customer Assistance Policy The business of The Lincoln Electric Company is manufacturing and selling high quality welding equipment, consumables, and cutting equipment. Our challenge is to meet the needs of our customers and to exceed their expectations. On occasion, pur- chasers may ask Lincoln Electric for advice or information about their use of our products. We respond to our customers based on the best information in our possession at that time. Lincoln Electric is not in a position to
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Table of Contents Welding Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34 Out-of-Position Welding (Vertical and Overhead) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7 High Deposition Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-15 Welding Inclined Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-17 High Speed Welding (Sheet Metal) . . . . . . . . . . .18-23 Low Hydrogen Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-34 Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperatures . .
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WELDING PROCEDURES Out-Of-Position Welding (Vertical and Overhead) When welding out-of-position, the molten metal tends to spill out of the joint. To offset this tendency, an electrode with a fast freezing deposit is needed. Welding made with out-of-position electrodes is slow, relatively expensive and require a high degree of operator skill. Therefore, whenever possible, work should be positioned for downhand welding using High-Deposition electrodes – see pages 8-15. Procedures Vertical Up Gr
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Vertical Up Techniques for Fillet and Groove Welds Whip first pass Box weave second pass Straight weave 1. Make first pass root beads with a whipping technique. Whip the electrode tip out of the molten crater and up for a short time to let the crater cool before returning the electrode tip to the crater area to add more weld metal. 2. Root pass beads, particularly when made with a whipping technique, tend to be humped in the middle. Therefore, a box weave is often needed for the second pas
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Vertical Up Groove Welds Plate Size – T (in.) 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2-1 No. of Passes 1-2 1-2 1-2 All Electrode/AWS Class Fleetweld 5P, Fleetweld 5P+ /E6010 Diameter (in.) 5/32 5/32 3/16 3/16 Current (Amps) 110 120 150 160 Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+ DC+ (1) Arc Speed In./Min. 5-1/2 4 5 4 (2) Ft. of Weld/Hr. 11 8.5 10 See Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld .323 .440 .586 Table A Table A 1/8" 1/8" Plate Thickness-T 1/2” 5/8” 3/4” 1” 1 2 T No. of Passes 3 4 6 10 (2) Ft. of Weld/Hr. 6.6 4.4 3.1 1.8 Lbs. of Elec/Ft. .990
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Vertical Up Fillet Welds or L No. of Passes 1 1 1 1 1-2 1-3 1-4 Leg Size – L (in.) 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 (1) Electrode/AWS Class Fleetweld 5P, Fleetweld 5P+ / E6010 Diameter (in.) 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 Current (Amps) 150 155 155 155 160 160 160 Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+ DC+ DC+ DC+ DC+ (2) Arc Speed In./Min. 85 32 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 (3) Ft. of Weld/Hr. 40 25 15 10 6.8 4.4 3.0 Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .137 .211 .346 .514 .850 1.31 1.93 Weld Overhead Fillet Welds After first bead, the s
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High-Deposition Welding High deposition applications includes groove, fillet, lap and corner welds in 3/16” and thicker plate welded with the work level or slightly downhill. These joints are capable of holding a large molten pool of weld metal as it freezes. These welds are made with Jetweld electrodes because the high iron powder content in the coating produces high deposit rates to fill joints in the shortest time for economical welding. Procedures Lap welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Slow travel WRONG 1/8" root gap between Slag electrode coating and plate Fused metal Plate Fast Travel RIGHT Electrode coating touches plate lightly 60 to 80° Slag Fused metal Plate Travel fast, but not too fast for good slag coverage. Stay about 1/4” to 3/8” ahead of the molten slag. If travel speed is too slow, a small ball of molten slag may form and roll ahead of the arc causing erratic bead shape, spatter, and poor penetration. Deep Groove Groove Welds – To hold the large pool of molten
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Fillet and Lap Welds – The ideal fillet or lap weld has equal legs and a flat or slightly convex bead. Excess convexity wastes weld metal. A concave bead is susceptible to shrinkage cracks. Flat fillet and lap welds are made with the same general techniques as groove welds. 60° 45° End view Side view Weld single pass fillets using a drag technique with the tip of the electrode touching both plates. Usually weld with the electrode at a 45° angle (end view) from the horizontal plate. However, a
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Lap Welds T L Use fillet weld procedures for laps on 3/8” and thicker plate. Plate Size – T (in.) 3/16 1/4 5/16 Leg Size – L (in.) 3/16 1/4 5/16 No. of Passes 1 1 1 Electrode/AWS Class Jetweld 1/E7024-1 Diameter (in.) 3/16 7/32 7/32 Current (Amps) 290 360 360 Polarity AC AC AC Arc Speed In./Min. 15-1/2 15 13 (1) Ft. of Weld/Hr. 78 75 65 Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of weld .170 .211 .253 Corner Welds L L = 1/2 T T Plate Size – T (in.) 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 Leg Size – L (in.) 3/32 1/8 5/132 3/16 1/4 Pass 1
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Groove Welds T 1/16" ± 1/32" Do not use for code quality work This square edge groove joint requires the deep penetration of Fleetweld 5P or 5P+. Plate Size – T (in.) 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 No. of Passes 2 2 2 2 Electrode/AWS Class Fleetweld 5P, Fleetweld 5P+/E6010 Diameter (in.) 1/4 5/16 5/16 5/16 Current (Amps) 240 325 390 410 Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+ DC+ (1) Arc Speed In./Min. 18 18 18 18 (2) Ft. of Weld/Hr. 45 45 45 45 Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld .171 .275 .315 .330 (1) Both passes. (2) Total for all
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Deep Groove Welds 60° Joint A 2 Pass 1 1 T E6011 Back gouge before 1/8" welding final pass 1/16" Root passes - Joints A, B & C - 3/16 Fleetweld 35 (E6011), 175-180 Amps. AC at 6-9 in/min. JOINT A Plate Size – T (in.) 3/8 1/2 5/8 5/8 No. of Passes 2-3 2-3 2-3 4 Electrode/AWS Class Jetweld 2/E6027 Diameter (in.) 3/16 7/32 1/4 7/32 Current (Amps) 280 340 375 340 Polarity AC AC AC AC (1) Ft. of Weld/Hr. 21 19 14 14 (2) Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld .366 .4810 .795 .235 (1)
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Flat Fillet Welds Also see Low Hydrogen Procedures. T L Plate Size – T 14 ga 12 ga 10 ga 3/16" 3/16" 1/4" 1/4" No. of Passes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Leg Size – L (in.) — — — 5/32 5/32 3/16 3/16 Electrode/AWS Class Jetweld 1/E7024-1 Diameter (in.) 3/32 1/8 1/8 1/8 5/32 5/32 3/16 Current (Amps) 95 150 160 180 210 230 270 Polarity AC AC AC AC AC AC AC (1) Arc Speed In./Min. 15 17-1/2 17-1/2 17 16-1/2 17 14-1/2 (2) Ft. of Weld/Hr. 75 88 88 85 83 85 72 Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .049 .076 .082 .117 .162 .20 .29 Weld
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Horizontal Fillet Welds Also see Low Hydrogen Procedures. -15- Plate Size – T 14 ga 12 ga 10 ga 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 3/4 1 No. of Passes 1 2-3 1 2-3 1 2-4 1 2-5 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 Leg Size – L (in.) —— — 5/32 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 Electrode/ AWSClass Jetweld 1/E7024-1 Diameter (in.) 3/32 1/8 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 Current (Amps) 95 150 160 210 270 325 375 375 375 375 375 375 Polarity AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC T (1) Arc Speed In./Min. 15 17.5 17.5
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L Welding Inclined Plate These procedures are used when: 1. The work cannot be positioned in the level position for high speed welding with High Deposition Jetweld electrodes. 2. The weld is made partly in the level position and partly downhill. Fleetweld 47 electrodes have a fairly high iron powder content in the coating, which provides a good deposition rate consistent with downhill welding ability. Using a drag technique, maintain about a 5/32” distance between the end of the electrode an
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Welding Inclined Plate -17- (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (2) Downhill Angle (deg.) 0 60 90 030 60 010 35 010 20 0-5 No. of Passes 1 1 1 1 1 Leg Size – L (in.) 5/32 1/4 1/4 5/16 3/8 Electrode/AWS Class Fleetweld 47 / E7014 Diameter (in.) 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 1/4 Current (Amps) 200 250 310 370 400 Polarity AC AC AC AC AC (3) Arc Speed In./Min. 13 13 16 12 12 13 11 11 13 9 9 11 7.5 Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .095 .095 .081 .110 .110 .121 .191 .191 .180 .270 .270 .240 .390 (1) Maximum downhill angle for
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High Speed Welding (Sheet Metal) Welding sheet steel (18 through12 gauge) requires electrodes that weld at high travel speeds with minimum skips, misses, slag entrapment, and undercut. Procedures Groove welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 20 Edge Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 20 Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 21 Lap Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 21 Corner Welds . .
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When welding with High Speed electrodes (E6012 and E6013) deposit the entire weld in one pass using non-weave beads or a slight weave. Drag the electrode on the joint and stay ahead of the molten pool. Use enough drag angle so the arc force pushes the weld metal back. Use currents in the high portion of the elec- trode’s range. When welding with Out-Of-Position electrodes (E6010 and E6011), deposit the entire weld in one pass using non-weave beads or a slight weave. Hold a 1/8” or shorter arc.
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Groove Welds Flat Vertical (welded down) Plate Size 18ga 16ga 14ga 12ga 10ga Electrode/AWS Class Fleetweld 5P, Fleetweld 5P+ /E6010 Diameter (in.) 3/32 1/8 1/8 5/32 3/16 (1) Position 0-30° Downhill Current (Amps) 40 70 80 120 135 (2) Polarity DC- DC- DC+ DC+ DC+ (3) Arc Speed - In./Min. 24 32 28 22 19 Lbs of Elec./Ft. of Weld .024 .029 .026 .049 .070 (1) Position 30-90° Downhill Current (Amps) 45 75 90 130 150 ( 2) Polarity DC- DC- DC+ DC+ DC+ (3) Arc Speed In./Min. 28 36 30 25 20 Lbs. o
