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A TECHNICAL GUIDE TO
DESIGNING ENERGY-EFFICIENT
COMMERCIAL WATER HEATER
SYSTEMS
Printed in the U.S.A. 0210 317913-000
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 l. Introduction To Commercial Water Heating Pages 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 Index 1 Parameters .................................................................................................................................... 2-3 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 What is Hot Water? .................................................................
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 The major objective of this presentation is to promote the design of energy-efficient commercial water 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 heating systems through proper sizing, equipment recommendations and system selection. Properly 1 234567890 1 designed commercial and industrial water heating systems are essential to the health and well being of 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 the community. Some activities
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 II. Principles of Sizing 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Hot Water Demand 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 The major determination in sizing and the basis of all computations is establishing the probable demand 1 234567890 1 for hot water. In addition, any unusual conditions which might relate to hot water consumption must 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 also be recognize
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12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 12345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 Continuous Use Profile 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 1 2345678901 1 2345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 12345678901 This example could represent an industrial process which is oper
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 When used at altitudes of 2000’ or more above sea level, gas-fired heater recovery capacities must be 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 derated 4% for each 1000’ above sea level in order to reflect actual recovery. 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Recovery Capacity means hot water at the heater recovery rate minute after minute, hour after hour. If 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 the hot water demand period is more
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 State commercial tank type water heaters, hot water storage tanks and water heating systems using 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 tanks have assigned tank efficiencies as follows: 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Gas and Oil-Fired Tank Type Heaters 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Use 70% tank draw efficiency for all one and two temperature applications. For example, a gas 1 234567890 1 ® fired Ult
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Select minimum recovery and maximum storage if the hot water demand period is less than 3 or 4 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 hours. Heater recovery must be sufficient to reheat the entire tank contents before the next demand 1 234567890 1 period. 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 To summarize: 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 “Short” Demand: “Long” Demand 1 234567890 1 Min. recovery
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 When Using Electricity To Heat Water 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 The system designer may want to modify the preceding heater recovery and storage tank capacity 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 information when using electricity to heat water. 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 This is because electricity for commercial use, including water heating, is often sold on a demand 1 234567890 1 1 234567890
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 IV. System Types and Application 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Design Objective 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 The objectives in the design of commercial water heating systems are numerous and varied. The major 1 234567890 1 considerations which the system designer should include in the planning stages are: 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1. The heater a
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 2. Two Temperature provides two temperature hot water service by means of a water mixing valve 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 or through a pre-heater/booster heater combination. In the first concept the heater storage 1 234567890 1 tank is maintained at the highest system temperature required (usually at 180°F) and the 1 234567890 1 mixing valve externally produces the 140°F hot water requirement. 1 2345
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Creating the Successful System 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Creating the successful commercial water heating system is a joint venture involving many persons 1 234567890 1 and skills. 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 In order to select the right system using either tank type or copper type heaters, one should 1 234567890 1 understand the role that each of the person
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 2. Select a trial size heater 2 / . 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 3. Subtract the hourly heater recovery from the demand. 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 4. The difference in gallons between demand and recovery must come from the tank. 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 5. Multiply the difference by the number of demand hours. The result is the “usable” numb
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12345678901 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 Two temperature example 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 1. A one hour demand of 75 gallons of 180°F water and 110 gallons of 140°F water has been 1 234567890 1 established. The lowest incoming water temperature is 40°F. The shortest time in any day in which 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 the demand will be repeated is 3 hours. 1 234567890 1 1 234567890 1 2. Convert the 180° water requirement i
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