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Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures
Software Developer’s Manual
Volume 2A:
Instruction Set Reference, A-M
NOTE: The Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual
consists of five volumes: Basic Architecture, Order Number 253665;
Instruction Set Reference A-M, Order Number 253666; Instruction Set
Reference N-Z, Order Number 253667; System Programming Guide,
Part 1, Order Number 253668; System Programming Guide, Part 2,
Order Number 253669. Refer to all five volumes when evaluating y
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INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANT- ED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MER
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CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER 1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL 1.1 IA-32 PROCESSORS COVERED IN THIS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2 OVERVIEW OF VOLUME 2A AND 2B: INSTRUCTION SET REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1.3 NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1.3.1 Bit and Byte Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE 3.1.1.5 Description Column in the Instruction Summary Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.1.1.6 Description Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.1.1.7 Operation Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.1.1.8 Intel® C/C++ Compiler Intrinsics Equivalents Section . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE CLFLUSH—Flush Cache Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-108 CLI — Clear Interrupt Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-110 CLTS—Clear Task-Switched Flag in CR0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113 CMC—Complement Carry Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE Double-Precision Floating-Point Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-231 CVTSS2SI—Convert Scalar Single-Precision Floating-Point Value to Doubleword Integer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-234 CVTTPD2PI—Convert with Truncation Packed Double-Precision Floating-Point Values to Packed Doubleword Integers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE FLD—Load Floating Point Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-341 FLD1/FLDL2T/FLDL2E/FLDPI/FLDLG2/FLDLN2/FLDZ—Load Constant . . . . . . . . . . . 3-344 FLDCW—Load x87 FPU Control Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-346 FLDENV—Load x87 FPU Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-348 FMUL/FMULP/FIMUL—Multiply .
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CONTENTS PAGE JMP—Jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-508 LAHF—Load Status Flags into AH Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-518 LAR—Load Access Rights Byte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-520 LDDQU—Load Unaligned Integer 128 Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE MOVNTDQ—Store Double Quadword Using Non-Temporal Hint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-649 MOVNTI—Store Doubleword Using Non-Temporal Hint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-652 MOVNTPD—Store Packed Double-Precision Floating-Point Values Using Non-Temporal Hint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-654 MOVNTPS—Store Packed Single-Precision Floating-Point Values Using Non-Temporal Hint. . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE PAVGB/PAVGW—Average Packed Integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-61 PCMPEQB/PCMPEQW/PCMPEQD— Compare Packed Data for Equal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64 PCMPGTB/PCMPGTW/PCMPGTD—Compare Packed Signed Integers for Greater Than .4- 68 PEXTRW—Extract Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-73 PHADDW/PHADDD — Packed Horizontal Add . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE PUSH—Push Word, Doubleword or Quadword Onto the Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-217 PUSHA/PUSHAD—Push All General-Purpose Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-222 PUSHF/PUSHFD—Push EFLAGS Register onto the Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-225 PXOR—Logical Exclusive OR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-228 RCL/RCR/ROL/ROR-—Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE SYSCALL—Fast System Call. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-367 SYSENTER—Fast System Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-369 SYSEXIT—Fast Return from Fast System Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-373 SYSRET—Return From Fast System Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER 6 SAFER MODE EXTENSIONS REFERENCE 6.1 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 6.2 SMX FUNCTIONALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 6.2.1 Detecting and Enabling SMX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE A.5.2.3 Escape Opcodes with DA as First Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25 A.5.2.4 Escape Opcodes with DB as First Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-26 A.5.2.5 Escape Opcodes with DC as First Byte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-27 A.5.2.6 Escape Opcodes with DD as First Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE FIGURES Figure 1-1. Bit and Byte Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 Figure 1-2. Syntax for CPUID, CR, and MSR Data Presentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 Figure 2-1. Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Instruction Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Figure 2-2. Table Interpretation of ModR/M Byte (C8H) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE TABLES Table 2-1. 16-Bit Addressing Forms with the ModR/M Byte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Table 2-2. 32-Bit Addressing Forms with the ModR/M Byte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Table 2-3. 32-Bit Addressing Forms with the SIB Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Table 2-4. REX Prefix Fields [BITS: 0100WRXB]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS PAGE Table 3-38. FPTAN Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-365 Table 3-39. FSCALE Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-377 Table 3-40. FSIN Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-379 Table 3-41. FSINCOS Results
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CONTENTS PAGE Table A-1. Superscripts Utilized in Opcode Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Table A-2. One-byte Opcode Map: (00H — F7H) *. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9 Table A-3. Two-byte Opcode Map: 00H — 77H (First Byte is 0FH) * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11 Table A-4. Three-byte Opcode Map: 00H — F7H (First Two Bytes are 0F 38H) * . . . . . . . . . . A-15 Table A-
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CONTENTS PAGE Table B-23. Format and Encoding of SSE Cacheability & Memory Ordering Instructions. . . . . .B-67 Table B-24. Encoding of Granularity of Data Field (gg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-68 Table B-25. Formats and Encodings of SSE2 Floating-Point Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-69 Table B-26. Formats and Encodings of SSE2 Integer Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-77 Table B-27. Format and
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CONTENTS PAGE xx Vol. 2A
