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® ® ™
IBM SPSS Amos 21
User’s Guide
James L. Arbuckle
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Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in the “Notices” section on page 631. This edition applies to IBM® SPSS® Amos™ 21 and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. Microsoft product screenshots reproduced with permission from Microsoft Corporation. Licensed Materials - Property of IBM © Copyright IBM Corp. 1983, 2012. U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights - Use, duplication or disclosure restri
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Contents Part I: Getting Started 1 Introduction 1 Featured Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 About the Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 About the Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Setting Up Optional Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Performing the Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Viewing Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 To View Text Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 To View Graphics Output . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2 Testing Hypotheses 41 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 About the Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Parameters Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Constraining Variances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Specifying Equal Parameters.
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4 Conventional Linear Regression 67 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 About the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Analysis of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Specifying the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Iden
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Model B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Results for Model B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Testing Model B against Model A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Modeling in VB.NET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Model A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Modeling in VB.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Model A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Model B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Model C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Fitting Multiple Models. . . . . . . . . . .
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9 An Alternative to Analysis of Covariance 145 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Analysis of Covariance and Its Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 About the Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Analysis of Covariance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Model A for t
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Model B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Text Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Graphics Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Modeling in VB.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Model A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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12 Simultaneous Factor Analysis for Several Groups 195 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 About the Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Model A for the Holzinger and Swineford Boys and Girls . . . . . . . . 196 Naming the Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Specifying the Data . .
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Multiple Model Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Mean Structure Modeling in VB.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Model A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Model B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Fitting Multiple Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Modeling in VB.NET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Model A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Model B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Fitting Multiple Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 16 Sörbom’s Alternative to Analysis of Covariance 241 Introd
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Results for Model Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Modeling in VB.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Model A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Model B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Model C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Graphics Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Text Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Model B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Output from Models A and B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Modeling in VB.NET. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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About the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 About the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Text Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Modeling in VB.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 22 Specification Search 319 Introduction . . . .
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Performing the Specification Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Using BIC to Compare Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Viewing the Scree Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 23 Exploratory Factor Analysis by Specification Search 349 Introduction . . . . . . .
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Customizing the Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Model 24b: Comparing Factor Means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Specifying the Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Removing Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Generating the Cross-Group Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Fitting t
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Assessing Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Diagnostic Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Bivariate Marginal Posterior Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Credible Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Changing the Confidence Level . . . . . . . . . .
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29 Estimating a User-Defined Quantity in Bayesian SEM 437 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 About the Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 The Stability of Alienation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Numeric Custom Estimands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Dragg
