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SCIENTIFIC
SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR
CALCULATOR
OPERATION GUIDE
OPERATION GUIDE
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C O N T EN T S HOW TO OPERATE Read Before Using Key layout/Reset switch 2 Display pattern 3 Display format 3 Exponent display 4 Angular unit 5 Function and Key Operation O N /O FF, entry correction keys 6 Data entry keys 7 Random key 8 9 Modify key Basic arithmetic keys, parentheses 10 Percent 11 Inverse, square, cube, xth power of y, square root, cube root, xth root of y 12 10 to the power of x, common logarithm 13 e to the power of x, natural logarithm 14 Factorials 15 Permutations, combinatio
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H ow to O pe ra te »Read B efore Using» T his operation guide has been written based on the EL-531W , EL-509W , and EL-531W H models. Some functions described here are not featured on other models. In addition, key operations and symbols on the display may differ according to the model. 1 . K E Y L AY O U T 2nd function key Pressing this key will enable the functions written in orange above the calculator buttons. ON/C, OFF key D irect function 2nd function W ritten in
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3 . D I S P L AY P AT T E R N The actual display does not appear like this. This illustration is for explanatory purposes only. 4 . D I S P L AY F O R M AT A N D D E C I M A L S E T T I N G F U N C T I O N For convenient and easy operation, this model can be used in one of four display modes. T he selected display status is shown in the upper part of the display (Format Indicator). N ote: If more 0’s (zeros) than needed are displayed when the O N /C key is pressed, check whether or not the c
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SCI DEG X10 (SC I mode) ENG DEG X10 (EN G mode) DEG (normal mode) 5 . E X P O N E N T D I S P L AY 8 T he distance from the earth to the sun is approx. 150,000,000 (1.5 x 10 ) km. Values such as this with many zeros are often used in scientific calculations, but entering the zeros one by one is a great deal of work and it’s easy to make mistakes. In such a case, the numerical values are divided into mantissa and exponent portions, displayed and calculated. W hat is the number of electr
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6 . A N G U L A R U N I T Angular values are converted from DEG to RAD to GRAD with each push of the DRG key. T his function is used when doing calculations related to trigonometric functions or coordinate geometry conversions. D egrees (D E G is shown at the top of the display) A commonly used unit of measure for angles. T he angular measure of a circle is expressed as 360°. R adians (R A D is shown at the top of the display) Radians are different than degrees and express angles based on the ci
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»F unction and K ey Operation» ON/OFF, Entry Correction Keys Turns the calculator on or clears the data. It also clears the contents of the calculator display and voids any calculator command; however, coeffi- cients in 3-variable linear equations and statistics, as well as values stored in the independent memory in normal mode, are not erased. Turns the calculator off. C lears all internal values, including coefficients in 3-variable linear equations and statistics. Values stored in memory in n
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Data Entry Keys 0 to 9 N umeric keys for entering data values. Decimal point key. Enters a decimal point. Enters minus symbol or sign change key. C hanges positive numbers to negative and negative numbers to positive. Pressing p automatically enters the value for p (3.14159...). T he constant p, used frequently in function calculations, is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Pressing this key switches to scientific notation data entry. Provided the earth is movi
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Random Generates random numbers. Random numbers are three-decimal-place values between 0.000 and 0.999 . Using this function enables the user to obtain unbiased sampling data derived from random values generated by the calculator. 0. * * * (A random number has been generated.) [ R andom D ice] T o simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing . T o generate the next random dice number, press . [ R andom C oin] T o
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Modify Function to round calculation results. Even after setting the number of decimal places on the display, the calculator per- forms calculations using a larger number of decimal places than that which appears on the display. By using this function, internal calculations will be performed using only the displayed value. FIX mode TAB = 1 (normal calculation) 9 0.6 (internally, 0.5555...) 5 9 5.0 Rounded calculation (MDF) (internally, 0.5555...) 5 9 0.6 (internally, 0.6) 5.4 9 A P P L
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Basic Arithmetic Keys, Parentheses T he four basic operators. Each is used in the same way as a standard calculator: + (addition), – (subtraction), x (multiplication), and ¸ (division). Finds the result in the same way as a standard calculator. Used to specify calculations in which certain operations have precedence. You can make addition and subtraction operations have precedence over multiplication and division by enclosing them in parentheses. 10
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Percent For calculating percentages. Four methods of calculating percentages are presented as follows. 1) $125 increased by 10%…137.5 DEG 125 10 2) $125 reduced by 20%…100 DEG 125 20 3) 15% of $125…18.75 DEG 15 125 4 ) W he n $125 equals 5% of X , X equals…2500 DEG 125 5 11
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Inverse, Square, Cube, xth Power of y, Square Root, Cube Root, xth Root of y C alculates the inverse of the value on the display. Squares the value on the display. C ubes the value on the display. C alculates exponential values. C alculates the square root of the value on the display. C alculates the cube root of the value on the display. th C alculates the x root of y. O per ation D isplay DEG 2 2 2 2 DEG 2 4 DEG 16 4 12
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10 to the Power of x, Common Logarithm th C alculates the value of 10 raised to the x power. C alculates logarithm, the exponent of the power to which 10 must be raised to equal the given value. O per ation D isplay DEG 3 DEG 1000 13
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e to the Power of x, Natural Logarithm C alculates powers based on the constant e (2.718281828). C omputes the value of the natural logarithm, the exponent of the power to which e must be raised to equal the given value. O per ation D isplay DEG 5 DEG 10 14
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Factorials T he product of a given positive integer n multiplied by all the lesser positive integers from 1 to n-1 is indicated by n! and called the factorial of n. O per ation D isplay DEG 7 c.f n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x …xn A P P L IC AT IO N S : Used in statistics and mathematics. In statistics, this function is used in calculations involving combinations and permutations. 15
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Permutations, Combinations This function finds the number of different possible orderings in selecting r objects from a set of n objects. For example, there are six different ways of ordering the letters ABC in groups of three letters—ABC , AC B, BAC , BC A, C AB, and C BA. T he calculation equation is P = 3 x 2 x 1 = 6 (ways). 3 3 This function finds the number of ways of selecting r objects from a set of n objects. For example, from the three letters ABC , there are three ways we can extract g
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Time Calculation C onverts a sexagesimal value displayed in degrees, minutes, seconds to decimal notation. Also, converts a decimal value to sexagesimal notataion (degrees, minutes, seconds). Inputs values in sexagesimal notation (degrees, minutes, seconds). C onvert 24° 28’ 35” (24 degrees, 28 minutes, 35 sec- onds) to decimal notation. Then convert 24.476° to sexagesimal notation. O per ation D isplay DEG 24 28 35 DEG C onvert to decimal notation DEG Repeat last key operation to retu
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Fractional Calculations Inputs fractions and converts mutually between fractions and decimals. C onverts between mixed numbers and improper fractions. 1 5 Add 3 and , and convert to decimal notation. 2 7 O peration D isplay DEG 3 1 2 5 7 DEG C onvert to decimal notation Press once to return to the previous display DEG C onvert to an improper fraction Press once to return to the previous display DEG A P P L IC AT IO N S : There is a wide variety of applications for this funct
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Memory Calculations ~ Stores displayed values in memories A~F, X , Y, M. Recalls values stored in A~F, X , Y, M. Adds the displayed value to the value in the independent memory M. Subtracts the displayed value from the value in the independent memory M. Temporary memories ~ Independent memory O per ation D isplay DEG 0 (Enter 0 for M) DEG M 25 27 DEG M 7 3 DEG M C alculates $/¥ at the designated exchange rate. $1 = ¥110 ¥26,510 = $? $2,750 = ¥? O per ation D isplay DEG 11
